Diabetes Info
Diabetes is a general term to describe disorders in which there is excess urine excretion. There are two types, diabetes mellitus and diabetes insipidus. Diabetes insipidus is a rare disorder in which the kidney does not properly reabsorb water due to a lack of the posterior pituitary hormone ADH, whereas diabetes mellitus is a more common disorder that is marked by elevated blood glucose (commonly referred to as blood sugar). When the term diabetes is used alone, it is referring to diabetes mellitus.
Within the cell, glucose is converted into energy and is used as the major fuel for the body. It is so important that the body has storage forms of glucose (glycogen) to call upon when needed. It can also break down muscle protein to form glucose under extreme conditions such as starving or prolonged fasts. A large portion of the food that we eat is converted by the body into glucose. The blood delivers the glucose throughout the body, but in order for it be transported inside most cells the hormone insulin is needed. Insulin comes from the endocrine pancreas, the organ that is largely responsible for regulating blood glucose levels. If the pancreas does not make sufficient insulin or cells are resistant to its activity of promoting glucose uptake, the blood glucose level becomes elevated. Uncontrolled blood glucose can lead to damage to many systems including the kidneys, eyes, nerves and blood vessels.
- Types of Diabetes
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